It depends on a lot of factors. It’s less, but definitely not negligible. Especially if you have a fence running north/south with bifacial panels, you will generate most of your power in the morning and the evening when demand is highest. If you have some kind of net metering, the extra power in the evening could outpace panels in a normal configuration from a monetary perspective.

Many typical configurations also suffer from decreased efficiency due to heat, which is the worst around noon on a clear day. Vertical panels get the least direct light around then.

It’s also better for dirt and snow like others have mentioned.

I’ll hunt for an article with some actual numbers.

Edit: this paper does side by side comparisons with vertical monofacial, and traditional angled, but the objective was different (i.e., they were looking for peak energy production, not peak value of the energy), so they installed facing south. The difference between monofacial and bifacial is more important here because 1 row of panels will reflect some light at the back of the panels in front of it. As a fence, thats not a factor.

The TL;DR, is that the vertical panels actually produced more energy, which surprised me.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68018-1

I’ve never made paneer, but I have made a lot of ricotta (well, this type of ricotta, there’s also leftover whey ricotta, which I haven’t made). I had no clue paneer was basically just pressed ricotta.

Do you ever salt it, or is that just not common with paneer?

My trouble is always ending up with too much leftover whey. Yeah, you can use it in bread, but unless you are baking like 4 kg of bread, you won’t use it all. I’ve used it in soup, too.